In the course, we will examine the history, current organizational structure, and central challenges of the healthcare system in Israel, focusing on its universal and unique characteristics related to f?unctionality and efficiency. Emphasis will be placed on the international comparison of investments, outcomes, and the effectiveness of the Israeli healthcare system. Additionally, we will discuss the interrelationships among key players and stakeholders in the system, including HMOs, hospitals, government ministries, insurance companies, professional organizations, patient groups, the pharmaceutical industry, and more.